VESICULAR STOMATITIS

This is a viral disease of horses and also affecting cattle and pigs. Sheep are resistant. It is characterized by development of vesicles in mouth and at times on feet.
Etiology
It is caused by Arbovirus. Three strains of the virus are transmitted by mosquitoes mainly Aedes mosquitoes. Wild animals are reservoirs.
Epidemiology
Morbidity is low about 5% and mortality is zero. It is mainly seen in north and South America. One or two cases have been reported in South Africa. There is seasonal incidence of the disease. It disappears during winter. Outbreaks are not extensive.
Clinical signs
There are vesicles on the tongue dorsum, dental pads and lips. Vesicles may or may not develop. There is excessive salivation. Lesions appear on the teat only when they are being milked. Foot lesions are rare in cattle. There is quick recovery after 3-4 days. Animals become bright and milking cows milk normally. In pigs, lameness is common. Vesicles may be present on the snout. In horses, lesions are limited on tongue and lips dorsum. Immunity lasts for 6 months and then wanes. Immunity after infection is absolutely solid.
Treatment
Not necessary.
Control
Do not introduce animals from infected area.
A live vaccine is available for protection. The disease does not occur in Nigeria.