DENTAL CARIES (TOOTH DECAY)

Tooth decay can also be referred to as dental caries. Dental caries can be defined as a post eruptive pathological condition of external origin that leads to the decalcification of hard tissues (teeth).
Tooth decay is a common disorder second only to common cold. It usually occurs in children and young adults but can affect any person. Tooth decay is a typical cause of tooth loss in younger people. Bacteria are normally found in the mouth. The bacteria change foods particularly starch and sugar to acids. Bacteria, acids, food pieces and saliva combine in the mouth to create a sticky substance known as plaque. Plaque sticks to the teeth. It is most common above the gums line on teeth, on the back molars and at the edges of fillings. Plaque that is not removed from the teeth turns into a substance called tarta. Plaque tarta irritates the gums, resulting in gingivitis and periodontitis. Plaque starts to build up on teeth in less than 20 minutes after eating. If it is not removed, teeth decay begins.
The acid in plaque damages the enamel covering the teeth and creates holes in the tooth (cavities).
Cavities usually do not hurt, unless they grow large and cause a tooth fracture or affect nerves.
Untreated cavity can lead to tooth abscess. Untreated tooth decay also decays the inside of the tooth (pulp), which leads to tooth loss.
Carbohydrates (sugar and starches) increase the likelihood of tooth decay. Sticky foods are more harmful than non-sticky foods because they remain on the teeth. Continual snacking raises the time that acids are in contact with the surface of the tooth.
Symptoms
There may be no symptoms. If symptoms manifest, they may include:
Tooth pain or achy feelings, particularly after sweet, hot or cold foods or drinks.
Visible pits and holes in the teeth which harbors germs
Examinations and tests
Most cavities are found in the early stages in the course of routine dental check-ups. A dental examination may exhibit that the surface of the tooth is soft.
Dental x-rays may exhibit some cavities before they are visible to the eye.
Treatment
Treatment can aid prevent tooth damage from resulting in cavities. Treatment may involve filling the cavities, crowns; Root carnal treatment.
Prevention
Oral hygiene is necessary to prevent cavities. This consists of regular professional cleaning (2 times yearly), brushing at least 2 times daily and flossing at least daily. Chewing sticky foods are best if eaten as part of a meal instead of as a snack. If possible, brush or rinse the mouth with water after eating the food.
Flomide is often suggested to safeguard against dental caries.
Dental sealants can prevent some cavities.