Noble Desk

Jibo, a cutesy social robot contributed to crowdfunders mid 2014 as 'the world's first social robot' however since postponed but then to touch base in the business sector nearly nine months after its unique due date, is currently just going to ship to patrons in the U.S. what's more, Canada.  Abroad pre-orderers from the 45 different nations — where Jibo was initially slated as being accessible — have now been told they will be discounted (spotted prior by Robotics Trends).  In the email upgrade to its universal supporters Jibo composes: "In the wake of investigating every one of the choices, we have arrived at the conclusion that we won't have the capacity to convey Jibo to your nation", including this is on the basis that the bot "won't work up to our principles in your nation".  So this social-robot-really taking shape is as of now losing companions and estranging individuals and it hasn't began transported yet…  In the wake of having contributed/purchased a #Jibo in July 2014… I now get a letter expressing that it won't be sold in Denmark all things considered. #disappointed  — Jesper Thomsen (@JesperEThomsen) August 9, 2016  WTF @JiboRobot!? WTF!!? What does "Jibo won't work up to our norms in your nation" even mean? FU! pic.twitter.com/qWK3O18Mhz  — mr.nejc (@mr_nejc) August 9, 2016  #jibo Just got this from Jibo. They've had my money for quite a while however now say that Jibo won't work in the UK 😡 pic.twitter.com/fwDwhkw24H  — Bob K (@hisbrotherbob) August 9, 2016  @JiboRobot @cynthiabreazeal So frustrated! Utilizing our cash for a long time and now you won't ship to Spain?! #jibo #cynthiaisaliar #shameonyou  — Raquel Baptista (@Raquel_Baptista) August 9, 2016  #jibo Anyone else intrigued by recording a legal claim against @JiboRobot? It would be ideal if you reach and we can contact legal counselors in CA. Thx  — Samir (Sam) Madani (@Samir_Madani) August 10, 2016  In a going with FAQ on the change Jibo's creators guarantee the issues with conveying the robot to universal purchasers as down to dormancy issues because of its servers being situated in the US. They likewise accuse issues with voice-acknowledgment understanding "highlighted English".  Strangely they additionally indicate "quickly evolving shopper protection laws" in nations outside the US as muddling the conveyance of individual information administrations from US-based servers. Since beginning work on Jibo the EU has seen different movements in its security enactment scene, with Safe Harbor nixed and now supplanted by the EU-US Privacy Shield; while the area has additionally upgraded its GDPR mandate — because of come into power in 2018.  In any case, as TechCrunch pointed out when we initially secured Jibo in 2014, a social robot that is expected to be worked in individuals' homes — and comes furnished with facial and voice acknowledgment programming in addition to a camera, receiver and video recording abilities — shows extremely evident protection challenges. So you truly need to ask why Jibo's creators didn't consider information security consistence issues preceding offering the robot in such a large number of universal markets…  They go ahead to compose that the "right reply" to conveying Jibo to universal purchasers is a "completely restricted" variant of the robot, with servers situated in the relating nation. In any case they're not making any unmistakable duties on that front now, saying just that "we plan to extend to some worldwide markets in late 2017".  Jibo's smooth Indiegogo pitch for pre-orders produced enormous enthusiasm, pulling in more than $3.7 million in vows for the startup, in spite of the fact that the crowdfunding stage is remarkable for not requiring that undertaking makers have a working model — meaning a smooth showcasing video can be only that: a smooth advertising video and nothing more. 
Jibo's crowdfunder was immediately trailed by a torrential slide of financial specialist money — with the group shutting a $25.3M Series A round in January 2015, drove by RRE Ventures, trailed by a $11M expansion from a grip of Asian speculators to concentrate on conveying Jibo to Taiwan, Japan, Korea and China. So it's maybe in all likelihood that those are the worldwide markets Jibo's producers are as yet wanting to serve down the line.  The full rundown of worldwide markets Jibo was beforehand slated as accessible in seemed to be: the EU (each of the 28 nations), Norway, Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, China, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Peru and Mexico.  We've contacted Jibo with different inquiries and will redesign this post with any reaction.

Logitech has another appliance known as the Pop Home Switch, and it's somewhat special in association with their standard offerings. An organization known for General Remotes stuffed with physical keys, touchscreen displays and  method of communication alternatives is rather going for single-catch simplicity.

The Pop is a wide catch about the extent of your palm, which interfaces with a center point that fittings specifically into an outlet by way of Bluetooth LE. The center has the genuine smarts, with backing for an entire host of top savvy home devices, including Phillips Hue lights, LIFX associated globules, Lutron brilliant window hangings and August locks, to give some examples. Utilizing a buddy application on either Android or iOS, you basically filter your Wi-Fi system for good gadgets, then attach those gadgets to one or all the more Pop for improved control and formula creation.

Singular Pops just offer a major, single catch – yet they can be customized to do three distinct things, since you can squeeze, twofold press and long press each to trigger a different activity. This implies you could program a Pop to turn your Phillips Hue lights on or off, enact only a solitary room or bunch, furthermore set it to diminish the splendor to set the mind-set. On the off chance that you need more adaptability, the thought is you'd add more Pops; a Starter Pack accompanies two and a center point, and extra Pops can without much of a stretch be added to the same center.

A portion of why Logitech needed to stay with a straightforward equipment arrangement was a direct result of the developing application bloat connected with brilliant home control. Each time you include another shrewd gadget from an alternate maker, you fundamentally need to add another application to your accumulation, Logitech Senior Director of Home Control Neil Raggio called attention to in a meeting. Also, regardless of the fact that you're utilizing keen home center point programming, as HomeKit, having administrations attached to a telephone is still an issue.
The Pop, obviously, be utilized by anybody, and they come in four distinct hues to individuals monitor which one controls which activities. Be that as it may, given the scope of gadgets Pop can control (Sonos, for occurrence, and your whole home theater setup in case you're additionally a Logitech Harmony Hub proprietor), I asked why every switch wasn't worked with more programmable choices. Why stop at three activities for each gadget?

Raggio said that despite everything you required to be basic, regardless you need to be competent. "Thus we arrived on three signals, as something from a mental model that would be sufficiently simple that a client would know those motions."Raggio commented.

They've likewise discovered clients tend to like one Pop for each room, and the three activities was sufficient to fulfill the necessities individuals had in any given room by and large. What's more, since the interface is so basic, Raggio is correct that there's worth in restricting the alternatives – I've utilized a Phillips Hue Tap for over a year now, despite everything it takes me a few seconds to recollect what each of its four catches does, and they just include Hue.

Be that as it may, effortlessness in control and taking out the interface is something a considerable measure of organizations are taking a stab at, and no circle of tech needs improvement more than the shrewd home. Simply getting set up can be a wreck, and attempting to have stuff act dependably in show is another test through and through. The application for Logitech's Pop addresses the run of the mill trouble of programming with simple, move and customize formula creation and a content substantial UI that says a lot without overpowering clients.

Setting up Pop was far more straightforward than setting up any Logitech Harmony gadget, and that is by configuration, since the organization is hoping to stretch out to more standard clients with this item, rather than its center fan base of home theater addicts.

Logitech's single catch interface is a contrasting option to Amazon Alexa's conversational, voice-based way to deal with removing a portion of the disarray from cell phone association. There's not reason not to utilize the two pair, actually, and that could fill in holes for clients who aren't altogether OK with either approach.

Both the Pop Home Switch Starter Pack and the Pop standalone add-on units are set to go at a bargain in the U.S. this month. The starter pack, which incorporates two Pops and a center point, retails for $99.99, and extra Pops are $39.99 per unit.

Etiology
This disease is caused by Pasteurella multocida type 1. It causes a form of acute pasteurellosis in bufallos and cattle.
Occurrence
Classical haemorrhagic septicaemia has been reported from all continents except Australia. The first regular occurrence is in the south east Asia where it appears every year with the monsoon rams and it is considered to be the most important infectious disease of cattle and domestic animals which are affected. Of the domestic animals, buffalos are the most susceptible followed by cattle.
Transmission
There is no satisfactory evidence that insect vectors are implicated or that infection persists in the soil. Healthy carriers of pasteurella organism have long been known in most susceptible species. About 5% of healthy cattle and buffalos are said to harbor the organism in the nasopharynx. Carriers or animals infected from them may under stress, breakdown into clear clinical cases. In the early clinical stage, there is salivation and nasal discharge containing numerous pasteurella organisms. The surrounding including drinking water becomes contaminated as bacteria can survive for some hours and the opportunity is there for other animals to become infected.
Clinical signs
Most cases in cattle and domestic buffalos are acute and sometimes peracute with death occurring 6-24 hours after the appearance of clinical signs. The first signs are dullness, reluctance to move about and fever. Salivation and nasal discharge appear. Commonly, swelling becomes visible around the laryngeal region and spreads around the head. The swelling is hot and doughy. The tongue may swell and protrude and mucous membranes are congested and breathing difficulty/respiratory distress appears. The animal usually goes down and dies within a few hours or lingers for 3-4 days. Recovery from the disease is rare.
Diagnosis
An outbreak of haemorrhagic septicaemia is readily identified but individual cases may be more difficult. The rapid cause of disease and higher occurrence of throat inflammation indicate haemorrhagic septicaemia. The lesions eliminate rinderpest, anthrax and black quarter. A snake bite near the head will simulate  haemorrhagic septicaemia but such cases are rare. Confirmations of diagnosis can be made by examining blood films from muribond or recently dead animals and by sending materials to the laboratory for culture. Films are stained by Leishmann or Giemsa stain.
Treatment
To be effective, treatment must start before bacteraemia becomes well established. In later stages, although the organism can be killed by chemotherapy, the animal will nevertheless die. The organism is sensitive to sulfonamide and broad spectrum antibiotic but when clinical signs are obvious, the prognosis is usually grave.
Control
In endemic areas, vaccination is indicated and should be carried out yearly with vaccine known to confer long immunity like the oil adjuvant vaccine which can produce solid immunity lasting for about at least one year. Prior to the establishment of protective immunity, healthy animals should be segregated from the sick and in contact animals.

As the first country in Africa to gain insignificant bovine spongiform encephalopathy status recognition about its mad cow disease risk management, Namibia has been selected to stage the prestigious 22nd International Organisation for Animal Health conference of the OIE Regional Commission for Africa from 21-24 February 2017 in Swakopmund.
The conference, noted as the holy chalice of animal health matters, will confirm and acknowledge Namibia’s animal health condition after the country also lately came to be the first African country whose beef qualified for exports to America and China. At least 700 delegates are expected to attend the event.
The remarkable achievement of Namibia’s meat industry being mad cow disease free was made widely known at the 84th OIE conference held from May 22 to 27 in Paris, France this year. Anna Sheweeda, the deputy minister of agriculture attended the event on behalf of Namibia.

Gas gangrene is due to infection by Clostridium septicum although other clostridia may be involved which includes Clostridium novyi and Clostridium sordelli. The organism is a common habitat of the intestinal tract of herbivores and occurs widely in faeces and soil. In most cases, it enters the body through contaminated wound and consequently produces a severe local reaction resulting in necrosis, edema and gangrene and profound systemic effects due to toxaemia with rapid deterioration and death.
Clinical signs
Incubation period is short. It is just within 1-2 days. There is depression, anorexia, high fever within a short time. Affected animals are completely recumbent. The infection site is swollen, hot and painful in the earlier stages. This rapidly progresses to a stage where swelling persist sometimes with a foul smelling sanguinous or bloody discharge but pain is no longer evident. The swollen area eventually becomes cold, discolored and sometimes emphysematous. Occasionally, a syndrome is encountered where the condition is initially limited to the head especially the intermandibular space. Death occurs within a few days. Commonly, animals are presented at sudden death.
Immunity
It is believed that infected animals are suddenly immuned to infection.
Diagnosis
Swabs may be taken from infected sites immediately after death to establish the identity of the causal organism. As with blackleg, examination of animal which has been dead for more than few hours especially in warm climates is likely to afford little or no information due to invasion of the tissue by clostridia organism.
Prevention and control
Proper management of surgical and accidental wound including administration of antibiotics is often adequate enough to prevent malignant edema. Where the disease is considered to be serious, vaccination is very important. In view of the possibility of mixed infection, it is wise to use polyvalent clostridia vaccine. When faced with outbreak for example after castration of a large number of animals, it is probably wise to carry out a herd vaccination and to administer large doses of long acting penicillin to each animal. Again, animals at risk must be moved to another grazing areas free of the disease.
Treatment
Treatment of individual cases is usually unsuccessful. Wounds should be carefully cleaned and drained adequately. This should be followed by massive doses of procain penicillin both intramuscularly and around infection site together with large frequently repeated doses of soluble penicillin given intravenously.

This is a chronic exudative dermatitis characterized by scab formation. The disease is caused by Dermatophylus congolensis. Horses, cattle, sheep and goats are commonly affected. It has been reported in pig, donkey, cat and dog. Bovine streptotricosis is of great economic importance in Nigeria because it destroys hide and skin. West African muturu and Ndama cattle are resistant to the disease.
Transmission
The organism is found on skin epidermis. It appears to be necessary for the skin to be broken before infection can occur. The skin may be damaged by ticks, biting flies or mechanically by barb wires.
Clinical features
In some animals, the lesions are found on the back, extremities like necks and face and others generalized all over the body. The commonest site of infection in goat seems to be the face, ears and inguinal region. In affected site, exudation and scab formation caused the hair to stand erect and become matted together to form paint brush lesions. These are so called because they resemble the hairs of the wet paint brush. The lesions increased in size and thick variable scabs are formed. Affected animals are emaciated and limp if the feet are affected. Death may occur eventually.
Diagnosis
This is based on the appearance of cutaneous scabs on endemic areas. Confirmation of diagnosis is by making a smear from scab which has been emulsified in water for some hours. The smear is stained by Gram’s procedure, Leishmann or Giemsa and examined for the presence of branching filaments and coccoid cells.
Fluorescent antibody technique is the most effective diagnostic method.
Establishment of experimental lesions in rabbits by skin scarification in the presence of suspension of lesion or culture the organism and rub it on scarified area.
Treatment
It is treated by removal of scabs and application of antibacterial substances like antibiotic cream/powder.
Give high doses of penicillin and streptomycin parenterally. This treatment is repeated after 2 weeks. This treatment is effective if it is given early in the disease.
Give long acting antibiotics.
Immunization
There is no available effective vaccine at the moment.
Control
It is necessary to eliminate those factors that predispose to the diseases like ticks (spray the animal), biting insects (insecticide).
Animals should be dipped regularly to rid them of ticks.
Sheep should not be sheared in wet hot weather.
All affected animals should be culled for meat or isolated and treated.
Increased herd resistance by selective breeding from resistant animals.

As a small investor, you can take advantage of the growing population in cities across Nigeria and earn an income for yourself by meeting certain needs of the residents around you. Some of the businesses you can start are as follows:
Making of fruit juice
Nigerians drink fruit juice more than any other people. That is why companies like La casera and chivita who came into the country as nobody are today making billions of naira annually. The business can be started in a small way and grow gradually.
Sales of used cloth
Tokunbo market in Nigeria is big and some people choose to buy used articles that are of high quality than buy fakes. The cost of buying and bringing from abroad fairly-used cloths is low when compared with the prices in the market here in Nigeria, guaranteeing good return on investment.
Dry cleaning
Competent dry cleaners at cheap prices are scarce in Nigeria. What is present are professional dry cleaners whose service charges are very high or amateur dry cleaners who can never keep up with time. This business yields a lot of income if you can balance it up.
Professional car wash
This business is good if you can establish it in a cardinal location around you or in a place like Lagos, Nigeria where there are good numbers of cars. The business is also a money spinner.
Sales of building materials
The rate at which new houses are springing up in Nigeria, you get to wonder why some people up to the present time complain of housing problem. Putting money into building materials is a good business and a lot of individuals are making millions out of it.
Investing in internet business
This is a new batch of solid investment opportunity which is creating billionaires in all parts of the world including Nigeria. It is simple. You don’t have to be a tech person, all you require is to look for creative online startups with good concepts and invest in it. Within 1-2 years, you will be counting your profits in dollars.
Become a real estate agent
Real estate agents are is one group of professionals and non-professionals which hold the ace. Accommodation is a problem as in the case with most overpopulated cities and estate agents are relying on this course to rip off serious home seekers. You can become a real estate agent and make big commission from sincerely assisting people get their dream homes.
Start an employment agency
This is a business opportunity which does not require much emphasis as you already know the unemployment challenges in Nigeria; with Lagos having the highest number of jobless people (non-graduates and graduates). With your Lagos-based employment agency, you will make money from connecting job seekers with firms which are looking for competent employees to fill vacant positions.
Photography/videography
You can begin a digital photography business or video recording business. You can visit event centers to take snapshots of visitors who would desire to seize the moment. You can take it to a higher level and open a photography/ visual arts studio if you have enough money to invest.
Website designing
Due to technological advancement and the fact that many businesses and enterprises are making effort to stay ahead of competitors, website designers have become so much needed by organizations. Organizations are constantly looking for website designers who can continually keep their websites updated and functional. With at least N10000 (29 dollars), you can obtain a one or two weeks training then continue your training online by verifying free software, downloading videos on youtube and watching them. You can earn an upward of N10000 (29 dollars) for developing a website, depending on the kind of site and who your client is.
Recharge card vouchers printing and selling
In a country like Nigeria with a population of over 170000000 (one hundred and seventy million) people and mobile cell phone charge of over 120000000 (one hundred and twenty million) active lines, recharge cards have turn out to be one of the quickest selling products. The business is fast growing. The good news is that you can start your recharge card printing business and with little capital. The printer cost about N38000 (112 dollars) and you can start printing with PINS from N20000 (58 dollars) and sell for all networks. Etisalat Nigeria has a package where you can be a sub-dealer of e-top with at least N50000 (147 dollars).
Computer class instructors
It is no longer news that computers and computer-based systems have come to be part of everybody’s life, not only at the workplace, but at home as well. Everybody now requires some kind of computer training. A business can be built around that. Computer classes can be started which can be offered at home to those who are in need of the services, whether they are old or young. You could start with two relatively-used computers which are in good conditions. Setting up all these should not cost you more than N50000 (147 dollars), and you can start without having a computer system, just do a good marketing of your service and you have people inviting you to their home or office to train them.
Event and party planning
If you have been complimented several times on your parties, you may be good enough to be a party planner. This is a business which cannot fail if you are competent at it because it is a well known fact that Nigerians love to party. All you need do is get some training and acquire some party equipment, depending on how large you want the venture to be. Once you start, you can charge from N15000-N20000 (44-58 dollars), depending on the size of the party. If you do at least two parties in a month, you will be making a comfortable living.
Wireworks and bead making
Wireworks and beads are jewels which are trending now, as so many women including socialites now tend to prefer them to other types of jewels. As a result, many discerning ladies are venturing into the business, making adorable designs and getting good returns from the business. A two-month training for this craft costs about N20000. After the training, you can start raking in money, depending on the kind of beads you do. For example, there are beads of N1000 while there are those of even N80000 and above. The amount you make depends on your expertise, artistry, ingenuity, the kinds of beads you use and your customers.
Office supply
There are many people who work in offices and find it hard to go to market to purchase things like wrist watches, shirts, ties and perfumes. You can assist them do the shopping and deliver it to them. If you are honest with your business and charge reasonably, much bigger contracts can be gotten from there. About N50000 will do to kick start this type of small business in Nigeria and you will be happy at the quick money you will be making.
Plantain chips making
Take a look around the streets, mainly in hold-ups, and you would see various brands of plantain chips. The fact is that they sell quickly because people like to chew stuff, particularly while they are in transit. So, if you start the business of producing and supplying chips to shops and hawkers, you would make good money. The major things needed are a big frying pan which goes for about N3000, a sealing machine which goes for N15000, nylons and labels which cost about N2000. With these, you are good to go.
Hair making/barbing salon
Salon business is one of the best and lucrative businesses in Nigeria because it requires little capital to start and does not cost much. Fitting barbing salon or beauty salon, both pays a lot because it requires no university degree to start one. Some youths are engaged in salon business and they are earning money doing the business. In establishing one, all you need is a bit of training, capital- which depends on how large or small you want the salon to be, location- this will go a long way to determine how successful your business will be.
Shoe making
Shoe making is a unique business with great prospect due to the high demand for shoes and other leather appurtenances. The business is pertinent because it provides for a wide spectrum of people in society, particularly those that are fashion conscious. Some ladies would like shoes that go with their bags, head-tie and other clothing for occasions. The capital required to begin a shoe making business ranges from N40000 (117 dollars) for training and N20000 (58 dollars) for tools and equipment.
Social media managers
A lot of organizations want to pitch their businesses on social media, although, do not know how to go about it. Hiring a freelance social media manager is one of the ways organizations can go about this. To become a social media manager, one of the questions you should ask yourself is, do you naturally have social media strengths and aptitude? A good marketing skill is very important as well. Organizations are ready to pay good money to anybody who has the skills/aptitude to create a good presence for their organization online.
Food delivery services
At least half of the population of people in the nation is made up of working class people. Also, with the heavy traffic situation, residents barely have time for themselves. Most working class women cannot afford to take out time to cook during the week and so this makes food delivery service a good business. Averagely, you can make up to N200000 (588 dollars) profit monthly. With about N50000 (147 dollars) as start-up capital to prepare your meals, a good location, a creative business name and a few staff, you are ready to start making money.

You did not eat a delicious meal but you had a meal anyway
You do not have a car but you have legs anyway
The doctor may say that you are sick but you have life anyway
You have no money to buy what you need but somehow, ends are still met anyway
You have eye defect but you can still see anyway
You did not study abroad but you attended school anyway
Your cloth may not be nice but you are not naked anyway
Your shoes may have worn out but you are not bare-footed anyway
You have a deformity but you are still living anyway
You don’t have a mansion but you have a home anyway
Your salary may be meager but you don’t beg to eat anyway
You don’t have an i-phone or smartphone but you make calls anyway
You don’t have a hummer jeep but you drive a car anyway
Though people may reject you like the woman with the issue of blood, there’s hope for the living anyway
Though you soak your pillows with tears every night because of family struggles, know that you can make it anyway
Though you have struggled to survive today because of lack and the fear of tomorrow has filled your thought this night, don’t give up your dreams anyway
No matter what you are facing, life is too short to commit suicide anyway

It all happened so sudden and so perfect
Just like a script, no single line was missed
Just like a stage, everybody played their role
It was a free role; everybody was free to play their best role
To the best of carrier, the drama played properly
In this stage, the protagonist made the decision of his worst fears
He selected the part of slaying every single dragon that is disturbing him
He kicked off with the little dragon that breathe no fire but disturbs him
It didn’t kick off well and it eventually become so awfully a movie
In the very end, foes got separated from friends

Numerous antagonists, one protagonist
Several things to cope with, one heart
Perseverance became too much a burden
In a wink of an eye, it all goes off
Daunting got in line, no more tenacity
It is a war, a fight for dignity and self-recovery
Friendship broke out, there is no release
Everybody was right but somebody was wrong
To every right thing, the wrong tongue made an utterance
At end, foes separated from friends

Fate does not disappear; it is a final port of call
Fate plays its part to the end; it is a ghost deal mission
Occasionally it is good the bad things occur and something new learnt
To every bad condition, there is a good lesson; that is what I meant
Friendship is more costly to money, thought the wise said so
In trouble, money the matter, friends run away; the fool determined so
There will always be discords; cases will always be resolved
To some misunderstandings, no comprehension; some cases can’t be resolved
Everything will not be the same as before despite the friendship continues
Foes and friends, the script however continues.

He is at the back of the row
His mind at the front row
It is his choice and decision to give
Yet, he made it his choice to leave
He got it all wealth
He said it is his sweat
With his wallet tied to his belt
Won’t give, that’s what he meant
The indecisive millionaire

She said she is beautiful
Don’t in anyway mind flaunting it sinful
Hers is a body for a feast
But she gave it all to a beast
Not Cinderella but she got many glass shoes
A prince charming is hers to choose
She got it intact so placed
Am I or am I not to give in
The indecisive damsel

This is knowledge at its peak
It is in his blood from back ages
This is his destiny to squarely face
To pass the knowledge he got round
As it was prophetically so bound
It is in my head he rudely said
Not a blessing, as all think to vain
I will teach my descendants he thought
No, it is for me alone he so hard fought
The indecisive genius
DEDICATED TO THOSE WHO LACK SENSE OF CHARITY

At the peak, great men stood unchallenged
Absolved people of great wisdom and wealth
The earth is their point of entry and exit
Always prevailing at the most insignificant opportunity
Triumph, their summit of glory
They cause things to happen

In the middle amateur squat against
However they find themselves relaxed where they are
Making no attempt to move ahead
Ready to serve the lords of the pinnacle no matter what
But they feel like waking up at the summit
Presuming the world to be a place of being
They attempt to make things happen but require the will.

Down are striving multitudes of people
Who assign fault the world for what they are
They are disguise men to themselves
Worth cannot be associated with their life
Definitely existing not living in a world of theirs
Inferiority typified, poignant without vision
Hearing but not listening, looking but not seeing
Ready to cuddle anything that comes their way
Despondent individuals with big dreams they can’t accomplish
They watch things occur

WHERE AMONG THESE DO YOU BELONG?

This is an infectious contagious disease primarily affecting cattle, swine and goats. It is caused by brucella organisms characterized by abortion in females, orchitis and infection of accessory sex gland in males and infertility in both sexes. The disease affects sheep causing abortion and infertility. It affects horses causing abortion, poll evil and fistulous withers. It cause undulant or Malta fever in humans. It is worldwide in distribution. It has been eradicated in some Scandinavian countries such as USA, France and UK. The disease is important because it is of economic and public health significance.
It is caused by Brucella melitensis but occasionally, Brucella abortus is involved. Infection arises through ingestion of the organism, conjunctival, vaginal and by inoculation. Also by contact through intact skin. It causes abortion about 4th month of pregnancy.
Clinical signs
They are as follows:
Abortion
Keratitis
Chronic bronchitis
Mastitis
Lameness
Unthriftiness
Hygroma
Orchitis
Osteoarthritis
Synovitis
It may cause nervous signs in sheep.
Diagnosis
This is based by bacterial examination of milk (milk ring test) or of the aborted fetus.
It is also diagnosed by serum agglutination test.
Control
Vaccination
Slaughtering reacting animaland compensation paid to the farmer.
Two types of vaccines available are:
Attenuated Brucella melitensis vaccine (strain Rev. 1vaccine).
Killed Brucella melitensis H38 adjuvant oil vaccine.
Treatment 
Not advisable.
It is caused by Brucella ovis. This has been reported in Australia and Brucella melitensis also affect sheep.
Clinical signs
They are as follows:
Acute edema and orchitis
Fever
Depression
Increased respiratory rate
Epididymis is enlarged and hard and testicles atrophy.
Abortion in ewes is characteristic of the infection.
Births of weak lambs and stillbirth
Treatment is not undertaken except in valuable rams.
In this case, streptomycin and chlortetracycline are given in high doses.
Control
Test and slaughter, pay compensation to the farmer.
Vaccination using Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine because it gives high antibody titres of the serum or Brucella abortus killed adjuvant vaccine.
It is preferable to give Brucella melitensis strain Rev.1 vaccine.
Do not vaccinate within two months of mating.

This is widespread and of economic and public health importance in most world countries especially in dairy cattle. It is characterized by abortion in late pregnancy and high rate of infertility. The causative organism is Brucella abortus. Brucella melitensis occasionally affects cattle. The organism can be recovered from pregnant uterus, fetus, fetal membranes, milk and hygroma fluid. Cattle of all ages are affected. Infection is by ingestion, through intact and broken skin, through intact or broken conjunctiva and contamination of the udder in the course of milking.
Clinical signs
Abortion after 5th month of pregnancy in cows
Retained placenta
Metritis which may be acute with septicaemia and death following or chronic leading to sterility.
In the bull, orchitis and epididymitis. Occasionally, one or both scrotal sacs may be affected with acute painful swelling leading to sterility. There may be necrosis of scrotum leading to sterility in bulls. Infected semen can spread the disease by artificial insemination. There is hygroma of knee joints. Isolation is by guinea pig inoculation or by culture.
There are several serological tests used in diagnosis of bovine brucellosis and they are as follows:
Rose Bengal plate test
Slide agglutination test
Tube agglutination test/serum agglutination test
ELISA
Coombs agglutination test
Brucellin skin test is also done. Brucellin is an antigen obtained from brucella
Control and eradication
The disease has been eradicated from Scandinavian countries like Sweden, Norway and Denmark.
Bovine brucellosis can be controlled with effective vaccination programme or eradicated using test and slaughter programme. The vaccine used are Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine (attenuated live vaccine) and is given to cows at 4 months of age. It is known to protect animals for 7 years.
Brucella abortus killed 45/20 adjuvant vaccine protect animals from 2 years and used for diagnosis of carrier animals.

Mastitis is the inflammation (puffiness) of the mammary gland regardless of the cause. It is a big problem in the dairy industry. In most cases, it is a bacterial infection which enters through teat duct. There is no evidence of viral mastitis. It may be secondary mastitis. Occasionally, there may be mycotic mastitis with mycoplasma being involved.
Etiology
It can be caused by staphylococci, streptococci, Corynebacterium pyogenes and Escherichia coli.
Three different types of mastitis are mild, subacute and peracute mastitis.
Mild mastitis
The milk is normal and udder may be warmed. It may be slightly enlarged and may be localized to the duct. The milk may be peculiar or watery containing small clot and granules. There is no fever. The cow may be eating well.
Diagnosis
This is based on taking milk sample and checking on sensitivity.
Treatment
Give intra-mammary antibiotics (through teat canal).
Give systemic antibiotics intramuscularly. The disease may be self limiting.
Prognosis
Generally good for the cow and calf.
Severe/acute mastitis
The cow is not normal. It is slightly febrile about 104oF. The udder is painful. The animal has abnormal gait. The udder is swollen. It is painful to touch and warm to touch. The milk is peculiar. It is difficult to collect milk from the udder. The milk secreted is small. The milk may contain serum, blood and clot. The milk may smell, for example in case of Corynebacterium pyogenes.
Treatment
Strip the udder.
Give parenteral/systemic antibiotic for 5 days.
Give intra-mammary antibiotics after stripping.
Prognosis
The cow will live but affected quarters will not recover. Prognosis is guarded to poor.
Peracute/ very severe and fatal
The cow is ill and may be recumbent. The temperature is high about 107oF and the cow may be lame and not eating at all. The udder is enlarged and milk may contain blood, serum, clot and there may be gangrene development. The cow gets sicker and sicker. The udder becomes blue and cold. The temperature goes down and the animal is still recumbent.
Prognosis
Very poor. This is caused by Corynebacterium pyogenes or staphylococcus.
Treatment
Save the cow, not the quarter.
Give high doses of parenteral or systemic antibiotics.
Do not give intra-mammary antibiotics (because it is a waste of time).
N/B: Severe mastitis can be confused with severe hypocalcemia.
Control of mastitis
Subclinical mastitis can result into acute mastitis. In this case, there is no clinical cure. Make attempt to eliminate current infection.
Prevent new infections. Current infections are eliminated by treating clinical cases properly after doing sensitivity test.
Cull any cow with chronic mastitis.
Dry cow therapy: In this case, infuse cloxacilin into the udder the last time it is milked.
Preventing new infections: Hygiene is very important. Do all teat dipping in iodophore after milking. Dry off the teats properly. Any animal that gets infection should be challenged with antibiotics.
Use milking machine in good working order and service it regularly (once in a month).
Treat clinical cases as they occur.
Back flush the teats cups after each milking.

Rabies is an infectious viral disease which is transmitted by the saliva of a rabid animal. It is characterized by nervous signs, paralysis and fatal termination.
Geographical distribution
It does not occur in Britain and Australia although it is widespread. All species of animals are prone to rabies. There is high occurrence in continental Europe as foxes are increasing in number. Cattle seem to be less susceptible than dogs and cats. It is not a serious disease in farm animals.
Etiology
It is caused by rhabdovirus. It appears to be only one strain of the virus. Isolates from different parts of the world are identical serologically but their pathogenicity differs. Bats seem to be the only symptomless carriers. Recently, a number of other viruses have been isolated. Not much is known about these viruses.
Clinical signs
Cattle are mostly affected. In Nigeria, dogs have most access to cattle. Incubation period is 2 weeks to 6 months but usually 3-4 weeks. In dogs, two distinct types are dumb rabies causing paralysis and strict rabies causing incordination may show straining/tenesmus, drooling saliva, bellows, recumbent and paralysis.
In bulls, there is increased sexual excitement. Affected animal may be hyperaestatic, charging people and objects. Bulls become sexually excited and can mount on anything. These signs occur for about 24-48 hours and the animal collapses and dies.
In sheep, the picture is similar in individual animal. In Europe, 2 or 3 animals may be affected.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is not easy but important in human point of view. Demonstration of negri bodies in the brain is positive for this disease. Occasionally, these are not seen.
Inoculation of mouse is done and waited for 21 days.
Recently, fluorescent antibody technique has been used with fluorescent microscope. It is the best method because it is quick to perform. Take the head of the suspect to the laboratory in ice quickly. If the head is divided into two halves, the first half is put in 10% formalin and the second half is put in 20% glycine saline.
Treatment
There is no treatment for this disease.
Control
The animals should be vaccinated annually.
Stop them being exposed to the virus.
Destroy all wild fauna.
Vaccine used is passed in duck embryo. Vaccine protects for about 6 months and young dogs at about 4 months of age; after that, vaccinate annually.
Other rhabdoviruses are isolated from trade cattle in Nigeria.
208 viruses were isolated from 2179 samples.